Banning Books Essay

Teenagers are reading more books than ever now, and some people say that we have Harry Potter to thank. But surrounding teen books is the ‘myth’ of book banning. Some may think that only old books were banned, and that they are now back on the shelves of schools and libraries around the country. This is not so. Not only have old classics such as The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger been banned, but newer books are being challenged as well. The controversy of book banning stems from the pursuit of knowledge. Though Hitler did many bad things in his lifetime schools still teach about the Holocaust, and yet now parents are requesting that their children do not learn what certain books have to offer in the way of knowledge. But some parents do not stop there. Books are being taken off school shelves, depriving all students instead of just one. Can one person influence a whole school or town? Is this even fair to everyone involved? The answer is no. Book banning should be illegal because reading a book is an individual choice, some books are banned without much thought, and sometimes books are banned without all parties involved reading it. People recommend books to each other all the time, but reading books is another matter. Sure, a friend may say that a book is good but that doesn’t mean that you will read it. But by banning books schools and libraries are taking away the choice to read the book whether it was recommended or not. While some people think that foul language in books is a perfectly logical reason to take them off the shelves not everyone shares this idea. But if libraries and schools only hear one group’s side of the story they are more likely to ban the book. The process of banning a book seems at first to be simple. A parent (probably the most common case) goes to their child’s school and gets a form with several boxes to check off: â€Å"Do not assign this book to my child. Withdraw it from all students as well as my child. Send it back to the proper department for reevaluation. † And then: What do you object to in this book? What material do you recommend to replace this book? Sounds rather easy, right? And then there’s the vote. In some cases those voting on the outcome haven’t read the book. If the book is banned what example are schools setting for the students? They are basically saying that it is alright to take knowledge, no matter what it is, away from someone or several people. Would it be right to not teach anyone about Hitler? Would everyone support lessons about wars and discrimination being removed? Most likely not. But when books are banned that is what schools are doing, they are taking away something that was never theirs in the first place. They are labeling something inappropriate based on their beliefs or the beliefs of one person. And this is undermining the individual’s choice to read the book. And sometimes they seem to not realize what they are even doing. If you look up why some books have been banned in the past it’s likely that you will find some pretty crazy reasons. The Catcher in the Rye by J. D. Salinger was banned by one group of parents because they thought it would turn their kids into communists. The Lord of the Flies by William Golding was challenged because it demoted humankind to the level of animals. 1984 by George Orwell was banned because it was pro-communist. The Lord of the Rings by JRR Tolkien was banned for being ‘satanic. ‘ More recently the book The Bermudez Triangle by Maureen Johnson is being challenged in an Oklahoma school for being inappropriate for teenagers. According to the mother of a student at the school the book has â€Å"Homosexual content, unprotected sex, underage drinking, and reckless promiscuity† and that is why the book should be banned. Though these can all be viewed as appropriate reasons to ban a book those who took this claim seriously seem not to have connected all the clues. The book in question does have homosexual content, as does the real world that teens live in everyday, but there is not sex in the book, unprotected or not. The mother also states that the book â€Å"has no moral fiber† which is not true. The Bermudez Triangle is the story of three girls and their friendship when two get into a relationship together. No moral fiber? But instead of taking these things into account, the book was removed from the shelves. This case could turn into countless others all over the United States and it needs to be stopped. Taking away a book without even assessing the reasons to see if they make sense when applied to the book is lazy and unfair to the author and those who want to read the book. Taking a book off the shelves because several or all parties involved want to is a bad thing, but what if only one person objected to the book? How is that fair to the rest of the people it affects? If one person said they didn’t want to go to a movie but five others wanted to what would happen? If one person didn’t want someone to be president in the United States but the majority did what would happen? The outcomes of these two situations are relatively the same in general because the United States is based on Democracy. But what if the situation was this: What if one person thought a book was inappropriate for children and the rest had never read the book but still had to decide? What would happen? In some cases those voting on the book’s banning (usually the principle of the school, the Director of Human Resources and the Director of Instruction) have not even read the book. And what position does this put the book in? A bad one, that’s for sure. If only one person has read the book and are complaining about it then what are the others to think? That the book should be banned of course! This is by no means fair to students, the author, or any other patrons of the library. It is blindly stealing knowledge from others and not acknowledging it. It is, in essence, like teaching that Martin Luther King Jr. was a bad person because he held marches but not telling why he was holding marches because you don’t even know. It is informing someone (or misinforming someone) because you have no idea what you are talking about, which is better known as lying. The Bill of Rights says â€Å"Congress shall make no law respecting an establishment of religion, or prohibiting the free exercise thereof; or abridging the freedom of speech, or of the press;† Banning books is certainly not keeping with this statement. Freedom of the press includes books, and taking books off the shelves is therefore prohibiting the reading of them. This makes book banning against the Bill of Rights and unconstitutional. If the United States keeps book banning legal the country is going against its very own fiber – that people have certain rights, that the press has rights, and that this freedom is important. A parent keeping their own child from reading something is their decision, but to deprive their child of reading for their education is not in any way wise or good, and keeping other students and children from reading books is just as bad. Book banning should be illegal because reading is an individual’s decision, banning books is often done without much thought or reason, and sometimes book banning is done unfairly because those voting on the book’s banning have not read the book in question. Teaching children to steal is thought of as wrong, and a country built on freedom should not permit any stealing, much less the stealing on knowledge.

Indian Tourism Sector Emmerging Oppurtunities -Emmerging Challenges and Oppurtunities in the Era of Globalisation

INDIAN TOURISM INDUSTRY -EMMERGING CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES IN THE ERA OF GLOBALISATION Dr. GUNDETI RAMESH [email  protected] com FACULTY MEMBER, DEPARTMENET OF ECONOMICS,SATAVAHANA UNIVERSITY, KARIMNAGAR,ANDHRAPRADESH. This paper mainly highlighted the Challenges and Opportunities of the Indian Tourism in the context of globalization. This tourism industry undoubtedly emerged as an instrument of rural employment generation as a labor intensive activity in a labor surplus economy, with its forward and backward linkages with a host sectors like tranport,hospitality and education etc.Finally the paper also makes proper policy suggestion needed communication to promote and boosting tourism in India. Key words: Compound Annual Growth rate (C. A. G. R), Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEE) Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTA),Forward backward linkages INTRODUCTION: Tourism is not only a growth engine but also an export growth engine and employment generator. According to the Economic Survey 20 11-12 the sector has capacity to create large-scale employment both direct and indirect, for diverse sections in society, from the most specialized to unskilled workforce.It provides 6-7 per cent of the world’s total jobs directly and millions more indirectly through the multiplier effect, as per the UN’s World Tourism Organization. Since tourism does not fall under a single heading in India’s National Accounts Statistics, its contribution has to be estimated. Its contribution to GDP and employment in 2007-08 was 5. 92 per cent respectively as per Tourist Satellite Account Data. FTAs in India during 2010 were 5. 78 million compared to 5. 17 million during 2009, posting a growth of 11. 8 per cent, much higher than the growth of 6. per cent for the world in 2010. FEEs from tourism in rupee terms during 2010 were Rs. 64,889 crore compared to Rs. 54,960 crore during 2009 with a growth rate of 18. 1 per cent. Despite the slowdown and recessionary trends in the econom ies of Europe and America, FTAs during 2011 were 6. 29 million with a growth of 8. 9 per cent over 2010 and FEEs in 2011 were Rs. 77,591 crore with a growth of 19. 6 per cent. In the case of outbound tourism, the number of Indian nationals’ departures from India during 2010 was 12. 99 million with a growth of 17. per cent for the year. Domestic tourism has also emerged as an important contributor to the sector providing much needed resilience. Domestic tourist visits during 2010 are estimated at 740. 2 million, with a growth of 10. 7 per cent. However, Indian tourism industry is not only a growth engine, but also an export growth engine and employment generator. According to the Economic Survey 2011-12 the sector has capacity to create large-scale employment, both direct and indirect, for diverse sections of society, from the most specialized to unskilled workforce.It provides 6-7 per cent of the world’s total jobs directly and millions more indirectly through the mult iplier effect as per the UN’s World Tourism Organization. Its contribution to the GDP and employment in 2007-08 was 5. 92 per cent, respectively as per the Tourist Satellite Account Data. In India, the tourism sector has witnessed significant growth in recent years. During 2006 to 2011, the CAGRs of foreign tourist arrivals and foreign exchange Objectives of the study: 1)To study the emerging challenges and opportunities in the context of globalization. )To examine the trends of foreign exchange earnings growth of foreign tourists arrivals in Indian tourism. 3)To analyze the share of Indian tourism industry when compare to the rest of the world and the Asian and Pacific region. 4)To suggest the policy implications to develop the Indian Tourism Industry. Methodology: The study mainly based on a range of secondary data from various government sources such as ministry of tourism Government of India and other relevant websites etc. For analyzing secondary data simple statistical tools like percentages and averages have been used to interpret the data.A part from these tables, charts, graphs, pictures have been chosen at relevant places to easily understand the data. Observations India has significant potential for becoming a major global tourist destination. According to the World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) based on Tourism Satellite According Research (TSAR) in 160 countries has predicted that India has the potential to become the number one tourist destination in the world with the demand growing at not less than 10 percent for annum.The World Tourism Organization has also pointed out that India as the most favored destination among the countries of South Asia receiving more than 50 percent of the total foreign tourist traffic in the area. However India’s share in International tourist arrivals is 0. 59 percent. (Share of India in International receipts is 1. 54%) while its share in the country’s GDP is 12 percent. It has given employ ment to 10. 2 million people directly.Therefore the tourism is undoubtedly has emerged as an instrument of rural employment generation, as a labor- intensive activity in a labor surplus economy, with its forward and backward linkages with a host sectors like transport, hospitality education, health, banking etc,. The interested spending by tourists has generated substantial income earnings both public and private sectors. Therefore the income flow has a multiplier effect on the macro economy. However World Travel and Tourism Council pointed that India is one of the fastest growing tourism industries in the world and expected to grow by a further 6. annually and should create 13,127,000 employment opportunities by 2020. But post globalization and under GATS many changes and challenges are confronted. The table -1 depicts that the foreign exchange earnings through tourists. In terms of rupees tourism receipts have grown from rs. 7. 7 crore in 1951 to 12,150 crore in 1998, to rupees 15 ,626 crore in 2000 to 27,944 in 2004 and US million $ 16564 in 2011. Foreign Exchange Earnings (FEE) from Tourism in Indian Rupee terms and US $ terms FEE from tourism in Rupee terms during 2010 were Rs. 64889 crore as compared to Rs. 54960 crore during 2009 and Rs. 1294 crore during 2008. The growth rate in FEE in Rupees terms during 2010 was 18. 1% as compared to the growth rate of 7. 1% in 2009 over 2008. Therefore, the growth rate observed in 2010 over 2009 was substantially high FEE from tourism during 2010 were US $ 14193 million as compared to US$ 11394 million during 2009 and US $ 11832 million during 2008. The growth rate in FEE in US$ terms during 2010 was 24. 6% as compared to a decline of 3. 7% in 2009 over 2008. Therefore, in US$ terms, also growth rate observed in 2010 was positive and substantially high.Thus tourism recorded a positive and significant compound annual growth rate at 13. 82%, however in terms of US Dollar foreign exchange earnings also increased from US $ 2,889 million in 1997 to US $ 14,193 million in 2010. It is observed that there was a higher fluctuation noticed in the quantum of foreign exchange earnings in both in terms of dollars and in Indian rupee. The study also found the highest growth (Foreign Exchange Earning) rates with 43. 8 are recorded in 2003 and lowest growth rate with 7. 6 is recorded in 2001. Fig-2 gives the details of Foreign Tourists arrivals to India. FTAs in India during 2010 were 5. 8 million with a growth rate of 11. 8% as compared to the FTAs of 5. 17 million and growth rate of (-) 2. 2% during 2009. The 11. 8% growth rate in FTAs for 2010 over 2009 for India is much better than UNWTO’s projected growth rate of 5% to 6% for the world during the same period Foreign tourist arrivals to India rose from 0. 12 million in 1960 to 1. 68 million in 1991 and 3. 46 million in 2011 and6. 29 million in 2010. The study evidently speaks the truth that in terms of foreign tourist arrivals has registered a posit ive significant compound annual growth rate with 7 percent between 2000 and 2010.The study also pointed out that highest tourist arrivals growth rate registered with 26. 8 in 2004 and negative growth rate registered with -2. 2 in 2009. The reason for decrease in foreign arrivals may be due to slow down and recessionary trends in the economics of Europe and America . A top 10 source country for Foreign Tourist Arrivals (FTAS) in India in 2010 was placed in Table-3 It connotes the fact that the majority of the tourist arrivals are from the U. S. A registered with 0. 916 million. The data observed that out of total tourist arrivals 16. 40 percent tourist’s were from U.S. A and followed by U. K with 0. 755 million which contribute 13. 52 percent. The study mainly observed that in terms of foreign tourists arrivals to in India- U. S. A occupied first place (16. 40%) and Malaysia occupied with tenth position. The table-4 reveals the share of India in international tourist arrivals in the world, Asia and the Pacific region during the period of1997-2010. It is observed that foreign tourist arrivals in India have risen from 2. 37 millions in 1997 to 6. 17 million in 2009. In terms of share and rank of India in the world rose to 0. 40 in 1997 to 0. 59 in 2009.As the rank of India when compare to the world has come down from 47th rank in 1998 to 41 rank in 2009.. The study also pointed out that compare to share and rank of India Asia and the Pacific nearly increased with 2. 67 in 1997 to 2. 86 in 2009. However the study reveals the fact that the share of India in international tourist arrivals in the world, Asia and Pacific region 1997-2011 was not increased significantly but merely increased. The table 5 gives the fact that the share of top 10 states / UTs of India in number of foreign tourist visits in 2010. The study observed that 28. percent tourists are visiting Maharastra followed by Tamilnadu which comprising 15. 7 percent and followed by Delhi with 10. 6 p ercent. Finally the study explores the fact that 28. 5 percent foreign tourist visiting Maharastra and 2. 5 percent foreign tourist visiting to Goa state. Hotels and restaurants is an important component of the tourism sector. As on 31 December 2011, there were 2,895 classified hotel having a capacity of 1, 29,606 rooms in the country. Availability of good quality and affordable hotel rooms play an important role in boosting the growth of tourism in the country.The share of the hotel and restaurant sector in overall economy increased from 1. 46 per cent in 2004-05 to 1. 53 per cent in 2008-09 and then decreased to 1. 46 per cent in 2010-11. However, if the contribution of this sector only in the service sector is considered, its share decreased from 2. 75 per cent in 2004-05 to 2. 64 per cent in 2010-11 as other service sectors grew faster than this sector. It CAGR was 8. 44 per cent during 2004-05 to 2009-10 and the growth rate in 2010-11 was 7. 7 per cent. Health tourism, the new entrant in the sector is a niche area where India has good potential.Findings The study mainly pointed out that India has significant potential for becoming a major global tourist destination. The Tourism Industry has grown significantly during the study period and registered a compound annual growth rate of 7 percent in foreign tourist arrivals in to India. The study also found that highest growth rate (foreign exchange earnings) with 43. 8 are recorded in 2003 and lowest growth rate with -7. 6 in 2001. The study also explores the fact that the highest tourist arrivals growth rate registered with 26. in 2004 and negative growth rate registered with -2. 2 in 2009. The study observed that in terms of foreign tourist arrivals to India ,U. S. A. occupied first place (16. 40 percent) and Malaysia occupied tenth position. From the share of India and the Pacific region 1997-2011 was not significantly performed but substantially increased. India achieved 5,717 of international tourism rece ipts in the world and Asia, Pacific regions, and has jumped in leaps and bounds from a ranking of 36 to 16th position in the world and from 10th position to 6th position in the Pacific region.Coming up to the other findings the share of India in international tourist arrivals is only 0. 59 percent and tourism receipts are only 1. 54 percent and ranks 16 only. The major shortcoming of the tourism is inadequate capacity (e. g. 85,481 hotel rooms as against 8, 97,206 in China) and costly travel (e. g. soaring fuel, surcharges, poor blight management etc,. ). Inadequate infrastructure and trained manpower, lapses in security and safety (e. g. Terrorist attacks and harassment of tourists) and poor organization (e. g. fragment market, poor advertising and un trained tourist guides.Moreover there is need of well equipped infrastructure and management to meet the high international standards and need of skilled management to benefiting from the opportunities thrown open by (GATS, WTO) to to urism. There is need to develop the alternative tourism like health tourism village tourism and sports tourism and it is needed to take more initiation by the involving government and private agencies for more investments to develop tourism sector. Conclusions Tourism undoubtedly has emerged as an instrument of employment generation.However to take the emerging challenges and opportunities of globalization, India needs a long term plan for this industry with periodic evaluation and revision. Therefore there is a need future vision to identify the potentials of tourism industry. Finally the success of tourism depends to a large extent on better access to infrastructure, with a consumer centric approach. Appendix Tables Table-1 FEE from Tourism in India (in Rs. Crore) (1997-2011) YearFEE from Tourism inPercentage (%) change over the previous years India (in US$ MILLONS) 199728892. 0 199829482. 0 199930092. 1 2000346015. 20013198-7. 6 20023103-3. 0 2003446343. 8 2004617038. 2 200574932 1. 4 2006863415. 2 20071072924. 3 20081183210. 3 200911136-5. 9 2010 #1419327. 5 2011 #1656416. 7 2012(#Jan – June) 84558. 2 # Advance Estimates, @ Growth rate over Jan-June 2011 Source: i) Reserve Bank of India, for 1997 to 2008 2)MTM1997-2011 figure-1 FEE from Tourism in India (in Rs. Crore) (1997-2012) TABLE 2 Foreing Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) in India, 1997-2012 YearFTAs in India (in Million)Percentae (%) change over the previous year 19972. 373. 8 19982. 36-0. 7 19992. 485. 2 20002. 656. 7 20012. 4-4. 2 20022. 38-6 20032. 7314. 3 20043. 4626. 8 20053. 9213. 3 20064. 4513. 5 20075. 0814. 3 20085. 284 20095. 17-2. 2 20105. 788. 1 2011 (P)6. 298. 9 2012(jan-Jun)3. 247. 4 (P) Provisional, @ Growth rate ove Jan-June, 2011 Source: (i) Bureau of Immigration, Govt of India, for 1997-2009 (ii) Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India, for 2010 & 2012 TABLE 3 Foreing Tourist Arrivals (FTAs) in India, 1997-2011 S. NoSource CountryFTAs (in Million) (P)Percentge (%) Share 1USA0. 91616. 4 2U K0. 75513. 52 3Bangladesh0. 3816. 82 4Canada0. 2404. 3 5Germany0. 2244. 01 6Sri Lanka0. 2193. 2 7France0. 2183. 9 8Japan0. 1652. 95 9Australia0. 1642. 94 10Malaysia0. 1602. 87 Total of top 10 countries3. 44261. 64 Others2. 14238. 36 All countries5. 584100. 00 (P) Provisional, @ Growth rate ove Jan-June, 2010 Source: (i) Bureau of Immigration, Govt of India, for 1997-2009 (ii) Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India, for 2010 & 2011 Table-4 Share of India in International Tourist Arrivals in World, and Aisa & the Pacific Region, 1997-2010 YearInternational Tourist Arrivals (in million)FTAs in India (in million)Percentge (%) shre and rank of India in worldPercentage (%) hare and rank of India in Asia and the Pacific WorldAsia and the Pacific%ShareRank%ShareRank 1997593. 089. 02. 370. 40-2. 67- 1998611. 088. 32. 360. 3947th2. 67- 1999633. 097. 62. 480. 3946th2. 54- 2000683. 3109. 32. 650. 3950th2. 4211th 2001683. 4114. 52. 540. 3751st2. 2212th 2002703. 2123. 42. 380. 3454th1. 9312th 200369 1. 0111. 92. 730. 3951st2. 4411th 2004762. 0143. 43. 460. 4544th2. 4111th 2005803. 4154. 63. 920. 4943rd2. 5311th 2006846. 0166. 04. 450. 5344th2. 6811th 2007894. 0182. 05. 080. 5741st2. 7911th 2008917. 0184. 15. 280. 5841st2. 8711th 2009882. 0180. 95. 170. 5941st2. 611th 2010(P)940. 0203. 85. 580. 5940th2. 7411th P: Provisional Source: i) UNWTO Tourism Market Trends 2007 edition, for the years upto 2005 ii) UNWTO Barometer June 2010 for 2006 and January 2011 for 2007 and UNTO TABLE 5 Share of Top 10 States/Uts of India in Number of Foreign Tourist Visits in 2010 RankState/UTForeign Tourist Visits in 2010 (P) NuberPercentae share (%) 1Maharashtra508312628. 5 2Tamil Nadu280468715. 7 3Delhi189365010. 6 4Uttar Pradesh16751239. 4 5Rajasthan12785237. 2 6West Bengal11921876. 7 7Kerala6592653. 7 8Bihar6357223. 6 9Himachal Pradesh4536162. 5 10Goa4410532. 5Total of top 10 countries1611695290. 3 Others17358259. 7 Total 17852777100. 00 P: P Source: State/UT Tourism Departments Note: i) Figures for Chhattisgarh has been estimated ii) For some states data adjusted using the information available with Ministry of Tourism References 1 Reserve Bank of India, for 1997 to 2008 2 MTM1997-2011 3 Bureau of Immigration, Govt of India, for 1997-2009 4 Bound, John and Timothy Waidmann, (2000), Accounting for Recent Declines in Employment Rates among the Working – Aged Disabled, NBER Working Papers 5 Ministry of Tourism, Govt. of India, for 2010 & 2011 UNWTO Tourism Market Trends 2007 edition, for the years upto 2005 7 UNWTO Barometer June 2010 for 2006 and January 2011 for 2007 and UNTO 8 Driedger, D, (1987), Disabled People and International Air Travel, Journal of Leisurability, 14, pp. 13–19. 9 Miller, G. A. , & Kirk, E, (2002), The Disability Discrimination Act: Time for the stick? Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 10(1), pp. 82–88. 10 McKercher, B. , T. Packer, M. Yau, and P. Lam, (2003), Travel Agents: Facilitators or Inhibitors of Travel for People with Disab ilities, Tourism Management, 24, pp. 465–74. 11. Economoc survey 2011-12

Racial Formation As A Symbol Of Southern Pride - 988 Words

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General Reflections Counseling is Practical - 3246 Words

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Designing The Future Of Architecture - 1075 Words

Designing the Future has always been an idea of many architects and designers. These ideas will always be there and they will never stop. Architects will constantly be thinking about what will be the future of architecture, what kinds of building will be built. Just the idea of future buildings boggle the minds of many, including architects and builders. All the concepts of buildings and structures are very contemporary and clean looking. They all either have a very round shape or squares. Many use materials such as oak (wood) and quartz. There are many types of architecture builders have been designing. Bridges, buildings, and art pieces all correlate into something spectacular. Many ideas have it drawn out as a clean utopia. There are even ideas of indoor parks, floating pools, and even invisible architecture. These types of buildings can change the current state of the world, maybe cutting down on the resources that we consume. Many of these buildings or structures could help reso lve overflow of people in the world. There are currently 7.3 billion people on earth (2013). The architects behind the blueprints have come up with resource ready buildings, meaning they won’t use as many resources as building do now. As I stated before, architects have been coming up with models and designs of architecture. Many of which are very odd looking. One of them is a rotating building with each room being a pod on which the are connected to a rotating shaft. These buildings will beShow MoreRelatedThe Citizen Architect Is Not Driven By The Financial Gain Of The Social Status1376 Words   |  6 Pagesto embrace this notion in all matters of their professional life to truly reap the societal benefits from it. Only then can we begin to deconstruct and revaluate the role of what it means to be a well-rounded architecture and how to keep the field advancing for a successful productive future. After careful consideration while reviewing Cesal’s argument, I find myself strongly agreeing with the desperate drive to better our urban communities. Today, corruption is more prevalent in our society andRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects On The Earth s Environment1078 Words   |  5 Pages(Goguen). Architects are now being awakened by global warming issues and are planning ideas to alter their designs to reduce carbon emissions for future buildings. Correspondingly, colleges are beginning to prepare architecture students on how to design buildings that are carbon-neutral, and educating them on the global issues caused by this (Mazria). â€Å"Architecture is one of the key drivers of climate change. Between construction and the energy required to keep buildings up and running, the industry isRead MoreGreen Design Using The Emerging Technology1687 Words   |  7 Pagesmembers of the society do not appreciate and uphold the principles of sustainability. The role of a rchitects in designing structures, especially in the urban settings, that will help in convincing the society that we need to protect our environment for future generation is, therefore, very important. That is why the concept of Green Architecture, also known as Sustainable Architecture, has emerged. The use of plastics and other non-biodegradable materials in the construction process might have madeRead MoreI Am An Architect With The Valley Civilization1451 Words   |  6 PagesI am an Architect with some handsome professional experience in my field. Running as a thread through different things I realized that â€Å"Architecture† is not just designing healthy buildings; it is a connection between the individual buildings to â€Å"emotional-infrastructure† like our parks, our roads, public buildings, walkways and many more. From the beginning, I was very much interested in understanding the relationship between urban form and trust. As I believe that the way we desig n our cities hasRead MoreInformation Technology Systems Primary Responsibility1198 Words   |  5 PagesConduct continuous current and future operations; managing of the functional areas in the Information Technology department; ensuring the definition of the architecture, design, implementation and management of communication networks required to execute communications operations. Part B: Four Main IT Departments 1. Network Architecture Department of the company’s IT Systems Functional Area Mission: Planning, managing, and directing the designing of network architecture operations; analyzes organizationalRead MoreTo Build Or Not To Build: Examples Of How The Urban Environment970 Words   |  4 PagesEnvironment gets chosen While, in his article Building Landscapes, Lebbeus Woods looks at the idea of reconciling nature with architecture, he also says that in our contemporary urban world, with its aggregates of buildings that become †¦ artificial landscapes and contexts – entirely displacing the natural – the architect s role would seem to inevitably expand beyond designing built single objects. Creating this artificial environment has impacts in smaller and larger scales. It might simply changeRead MoreAnalysis Of 1960 s With The Start Of Cad1331 Words   |  6 Pagesefficient and useful to the construction field. Since 3D simulations have been changed over the past decade, there are many different types of programs that the construction field uses such as BIM, CAD, and so on. Three dimensional simulations will be the future in the construction field because 3D simulations will be replacing blueprints, BIM will be the next format to creating a blueprint, and 3D simulation will be useful in the construction field. As the arrival of three dimensional simulations have enteredRead More The Start of Architecture 1093 Words   |  4 PagesThe Start Of Architecture Architecture is the art or practice of designing and the construction of complex building structures. Architecture traces back in time to a number of traditions and religions as well as over searching stylistic trends and dates. A variety of styles have been used in the idea of architecture. The science of architecture begins with gravity. Gravity added with the creative manipulation and coordination of material, technology, light and shadow. Architecture comes with theRead More Virtualism In Architecture Essay1691 Words   |  7 Pages VIRTUALISM IN ARCHITECTURE This subject was suggested as a possible topic from the course outline. As it is an area of much interest and controversy was chosen as the direction of study for the paper. Previous research into Virtual Reality (VR), coupled with a particular interest in its architectural application also proved motivating. However, although the direction of the initial research appeared straightforward, after further investigation it became obvious that there were in fact two distinctlyRead MoreNeo Futurism : Neo Futurist Architecture1061 Words   |  5 PagesNeo Futurist architecture is a term conventionally used for architecture during the 1910s and 1920s, it originally comes from the written Manifesto of Antonio Sant’Elia and Marinetti’s expansion to Sant’Elias publication. This manifesto has been continuously developed since the 1960s and is what many people refer to as Neo futurism today. (Bianco, 2017). This manifesto Written by Antonio Sant’Elia and Marinetti is a verbal or written declaration, declaring inspirations, motives, opinions and views

Literature Review for Evidence and Interventions - myassignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theLiterature Review for Evidence and Intervention. Answer: Racism in America has a long drawn history since the independence in 1776[1]. However, the Civil War of 1861 was succeeded to abolish slavery but the practice of racial segregation was still prevalent until 1968 when the Civil Rights Act was legalised[2]. However, the movement was suppressed in many ways by the government and the Caucasian citizens. In response to that this the book Jackie Robinson- Race, Sports and the American Dream reflects the journey of the famous baseball player Jackie Robinson who was not fair in complexion and because of that he had to face a series of life threats and humiliation[3]. Despite all these obstacles he stood firmly and changed the perception of American psyche about racial segregation. Therefore, the purpose of this report is to put focus on the depth of racial discrimination in American Society during 1950s and how far people like Jackie Robinson retaliated against this prejudice. It can be stated that editors Joseph Dorinson and Joram Warmund were trying to depict a social picturesque of racial prevalence in America during the 1950s[4]. It is imperative to understand that idea of racism and the discourses of apartheid in America. In US blacks are dealing with discriminations in terms of slavery, violence, symbol as well as state sponsorship[5]. In this context it is also important to keep in mind of the fact that in 2009 US got its first African- American President, namely Barack Obama[6]. Therefore, the intensity and relevance of racism is very significant. In this regard, the book on Jackie Robinson illustrates the obstructions that he faced in his professional career and how did he manage to change the perspective of sports as well as society. Apparently the book can be considered as a biography on Jackie Robinson. He was a US born Afro- American legendary professional baseball player who was the first player to play in Major League Baseball (MLB). Scouted by Brooklyn Dodgers in 1947 Jackie broke the colour segregation in professional baseball in US and became the first afro player to get selected in MLB[7]. However, before MLB career and during the professional career as well Jackie was facing enormous humiliation and threats despite of his outstanding performances. The entire struggling life of Jackie Robinson for achieving equality has been addressed in the books which not only reflects his fight against Racism but also provides a gross idea about the humiliation and discrimination that the black people were facing in US[8]. The audacious attitude of Jackie Robinson helped him to get the honour that he deserved and at the same time led the way towards the victory over Racism. It must be acknowledged that no discussion is perfect and always there is a possibility of biasness. There is no question about the detailed and informative arguments that were mentioned in the book indicating anti racist ideas. However, while scrutinizing the book a number of partialities are being figured out exhibiting the inclination towards leftist ideology or against white supremacy. For an instance, Joseph Dorinson, one of the editors of the book had a leftist influence because his parents were the supporters of left wing politics. In fact, the Red Scare movement associated with radical left communism had a deep effect on him. On the other hand, Joram Warmund was a victim of the World War II Holocaust and had a relation with the Zionist movement in South America. Therefore, it is evitable that those incidents could be reflected in their writings. In order to make the book more authentic the editors were relied on both the primary sources as well as the literary evidences. However, most of the research is restricted to primary evidences. The authors utilized a number of primary sources like journalists, ballplayers and newspaper magazines. Besides this, scholarly work was also done in response to make the information more authentic and concise. In fact, to make it more interest the authors were going to organise a conference and incorporated the review into the book. The theme of the book highlights racism in the American society and how far it affected the sport culture there. In that context, covering the life of Jackie Robinson is very relevant and significant. However, it should be acknowledge that there are other layers or factors that are equally represented the image of racism. The book is very linear and accounted a single perspective of the racism in America where as racism itself is a dynamic practice and divergent in action. The first approach is based on Structural racism. According to Bailey[9] structural racism is associated with the colonizers primarily who promulgated massacre and introduced legal oppression on the black people of America. In fact, the infamous Jim Crow law was also introduced under the state sponsorship[10]. Besides this there is also internalized racism which was practiced in America. Internalized racism defines the skin color[11]. It is a stereotype obsession of the fair complexions that makes them feel superio r[12]. In response to that the book Jackie Robinson- Race, Sports and the American Dream overtly indicates the incident but the internalised racism still exists in American society. Researchers and experts opined that psycho-social consequences were responsible for this. In this context, the book discusses neither the institutional nor the internal factors of racism. Instead, it put more emphasis on the person mediated factors. As a result of that the assessment lost its vitality and failed to get a broader vision of the fact. The book is genuinely an account of racial oppression. The name Jackie Robinson is very popular for his fight against racism but the book make it more authentic by using the primary and secondary sources. The book has the ability to penetrate the mind of its readers and using factual data with an understandable way make the book unputdownable. Nevertheless, there are some issues regarding the method of collecting data. Most of the data are verbal and based on an interview which ushers the question of authenticity. In fact, incorporating only one aspect of the racial theory reduces the credibility of the book. The book rightly described the journey of Jackie Robinson as a flag bearer of the fight against racism. In fact, it was also able to depict a clear image of the then American society where skin complexion came before your talent. Jackie succeeded to throw off the shackles of racism and paved the way for equality. In this regards it can be concluded that although the book has some limitations regarding aspects of racism but in the context of history of apartheid in US the book is very much relevant and significant. Reference Arajo, Marta, and Silvia R. Maeso.Eurocentrism, racism and knowledge: debates on history and power in Europe and the Americas. Springer, 2015. Bailey, Zinzi D., et al. "Structural racism and health inequities in the USA: evidence and interventions."The Lancet389.10077 (2017): 1453-1463. Dorinson J Warmund,Jackie Robinson: Race, Sports And The American Dream. Routledge 2015 Dovidio, John F., Samuel L. Gaertner, and Adam R. Pearson. "12 Aversive Racism and Contemporary Bias." (2017). Fredrickson, George M.Racism: A short history. Princeton University Press, 2015. Khan, Abraham Iqbal. "Michael Sam, Jackie Robinson, and the politics of respectability."Communication Sport5.3 (2017): 331-351. Ladson-Billings, Gloria, and William F. Tate IV. "Toward a critical race theory of education."Critical race theory in education. Routledge, 2016. 21-41. Maxwell, Morgan, et al. "Whats color got to do with it? Skin color, skin color satisfaction, racial identity, and internalized racism among African American college students."Journal of Black Psychology41.5 (2015): 438-461. Smith, Andrea. "Heteropatriarchy and the three pillars of white supremacy: Rethinking women of color organizing."Women in Culture: An Intersectional Anthology for Gender and Women's Studies404 (2016). Witherell, Carol S. "Exploring the Lingering Currency of Racism. A Book Review of Trayvon Martin, Race, and American Justice: Writing Wrong."Democracy and Education23.2 (2015): 11. Zigerell, L. J. "Distinguishing racism from ideology: A methodological inquiry."Political Research Quarterly68.3 (2015): 521-536.

The Shawshank Redemption Essay Paper Example For Students

The Shawshank Redemption Essay Paper The Shawshank Redemption is a very unique movie which involves many different personalities and underlying themes. The personalities of the inmates are very interesting and when they are combined they create a very fascinating plot which looks at prison life in a interesting and different perspective than one normally thinks. The main characters are Andy Dufrense (Tim Robbins) and Eliss Red Redding (Morgan Freeman). These characters are well complimented by the wise and simple old man, Brooks (James Whitmore), and the evil warden. The personalities of the Shawshank prison combined to form a sort of community. One never really thinks of a prison as such, but it seems to hold true. This movie showed a prison not only as a place where murderers and thieves live, but as a community of people who have had problems and may or may not be rehabilitating. It seems that some prisoners go in and accept what they have done and try to make something of an already disastrous life while others give up and really dont care if they commit other crimes (inside and outside of the prison). But in all reality, the prison was home for the inmates and they made it into what it was. The demeanor of the characters creates a very unique atmosphere. We will write a custom essay on The Shawshank Redemption Paper specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The story revolves around Andy who is convicted of murdering his wife and her lover in 1946 and is sentenced to life in prison. He is sent to the Shawshank prison, the state prison in Maine which is known for its harshness. At the beginning of the movie, one does not know if Andy committed the horrible crime of murder. But what is known is that he is not ready for prison and honestly doesnt seem like a man who would survive. His thinking going in is just to survive and blend in. He knows that sticking out would not be good for him. Throughout the movie, Andy undergoes several changes in his personality. But overall, he seems like a wise man who will deal with what the justice system has served him. He is normal on the outside but seems full of emotion. His emotional side is best put by the 4/14/95 issue of the San Francisco Chronicle which reads, Dufrense, a soft-spoken banker with emotions bubbling under the surface. Andy is a very complex character but one can see that he holds his feelings inside of him and tries not to let people know how he feels. Andys friendship with Red begins in a peculiar way because neither of them have anything in common. Andy asks for a rock hammer which Red gets for him. Red, knowing that Andy is vulnerable, gets him on the tar duty and seems to take him under his wing. The friendship is very unique and they both are very energetic with emotion. Bill Dupre of the News and Observer writes of their emotion together, This is a graceful, quiet characterization, and Robbins scenes with Freeman are wrought with depth, delicacy, and precision.This is where the opportunistic side of Andy begins to be evident. After overhearing the guards talking, he almost risks his life to tell the guard that he will help him keep the $30,000 that he inherited. This shows that Andy had guts and that he wanted to survive. In return for his favor of helping the guard, he gets his fellow workers ice cold beers on the last day. It is ironic because he has quit drinking himself. Andy then begins to work in the library because the warden hears of his talents in finance. This is where Andy first meets Brooks. He use this opportunity to ask the state for more money to build a larger library. And finally, the way Andy escapes is almost genius. Knowing that he is on the good side of the warden, he devises a very interesting and successful plan of escape. Overall, Andy blends in with the prison community through the good times and the bad (the sisters, a group of homosexual rapists). His personality is one of a person who makes the most of what he has. But he never loses hope that he will be free one day. .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113 , .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113 .postImageUrl , .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113 , .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113:hover , .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113:visited , .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113:active { border:0!important; } .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113:active , .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113 .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u755bf5f2615aaf887cc5ee858e7c2113:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Apollo 13 (as-508): Houston, We Have A Problem. EssayRed is a very unique character in his own right. The prisons sole black inmate, he is the man who smuggles contraband into the prison. He is also a lifer and he says that he is the only man in the prison who is guilty. He has accepted his fate and is dealing with the prison as his life but still tries to make his life on the inside the best he can. Red really doesnt think much about being paroled (he is rejected several times during the movie). He just takes one day at a time. He is determined not to let the jail system get to him. His friendship with Andy becomes stronger throughout the movie from when they first meet u ntil Red joins Andy in Mexico. Red is a man who knows the rights and wrongs of the prison and it seems that Andy becomes his apprentice during the movie. Overall, Red is a subtle man who tries not to be noticed. His personality is one of perseverance and he is ready to accept what the system may deal him. Talking about the warden is difficult just for the reason that he is a cruel man who represents evil and unfairness in the movie. The reason the warden takes a liking to Andy is because Andy is an accomplished accountant who can help him cheat the state. The opportunistic Andy takes advantage of this by reading the Bible (to impress the warden) and basically doing what he is told. This leads to the wardens demise (trusting Andy too much) and Andys escape. The personality of the warden does not change much throughout the movie. Even if he does something nice (letting Andy help fellow inmates), his sole purpose is to profit and be in charge. He shows off his power many times and in the cruelest way. For example, his power and cruelty can be best seen when he discovers that the young inmates testimony may free Andy. The wardens solution is to kill the young inmate and get the matter out of the way. Losing Andy would be devastating to him. The warden basically adds the bad guy dimension to the movie. The prison had people of all ages and backgrounds (non racial). Brooks is a real old timer who had been in the prison for a very long time. He exemplified a man who had just made prison his life and he was very content with his life. He never foresaw leaving and knew this would be his life. He didnt expect anything out of the ordinary to happen. He seems to be a lost soul not knowing what he wants or what is right for him. His death signified his confusion. The movie gives us a perspective of a prison not really shown before. Though the movie may seem unrealistic in some ways, it is very moving and makes one think deeper about who the inmates are and what they are really like. In the 4/14/95 issue of the San Francisco Chronicle it reads, As preposterous as it is appealing, The Shawshank Redemption takes a straightforward, soul stirring novel by Stephen King and turns it into a somber, bloated prison drama designed to pump you with inspiration. This inspiration is created by the actions and words of various characters. It is actually an inspiration to the viewer to always have hope and pursue your goals. Red said, Hope is dangerous on the inside. He was saying that having hope could drive a man crazy but in all reality he had hope in himself. This was untrue because Brooks death signified a lack of hope. He really had no one and the inmates were his family. Leaving the prison was devastating and he just thought nothing of life. Red was c ontradictory to his own words because he ended up surviving and succeeding all because of the hope that he had. .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016 , .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016 .postImageUrl , .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016 , .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016:hover , .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016:visited , .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016:active { border:0!important; } .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016:active , .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016 .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u2068ba48e0354914642b163f4e152016:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Macbeth Persuasive EssayThe personalities of the characters create an almost unreal setting where you see things you may not expect to see. A community of people is what the movie is about. A community which goes through good times and bad ones. But the characters are what makes this film so unique and so great.